Glow plugs shouldn't be operational with air temperatures above 10 centigrade. They cycle off under heavy load anyway. Certainly shouldn't affect fuel economy. If it's smoking under load and hard to start, then the fuel rail pressure is definitely suspect. I would suggest changing the fuel filter and checking to see if there's any gunk in the fuel pump inlet.
You need a hell of a pressure drop across an air filter to cause problems. The air filter seldom clogs up to such an extent that it seriously impedes air flow-in spite of what K 'n' Chav salesmen might say. Never traced a fault back to an air filter yet.
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