there would be "bits" floating in the oil circulating round the engine which are impossible to remove.
interesting concept! no oil filter on this engine then? lol
oil is lifted out of the sump through a strainer (holes around 2mm) through the pump and into a filter capable of removing particles just a few microns across.
oil is fed into the turbo bearings and then drains straight back into the sump. The pipes are of the order of 3 - 6mm diameter, so nothing larger than this can find its way into the sump and they won't go the other way against the oil flow!
As a precaution the oil pump should be inspected and cleaned along with the sump, strainer and turbo drain pipe. Otherwise, no reason the turbo can't be replaced with new, recon or even 2ndhand.
Even if the compressor has exploded I'd be surprised if any bits got through the intercooler. So remove intercooler and clean out along with feed pipes.
If the turbine exploded most of the debris will go down the exhaust (with the flow of gases). Some may have made it back into the cylinders, but this should only require a head removal and clean up. Then you'll end up with a nice clean engine running at peak performance.
Follow up with oil changes (and flush) at 500 and 1000 miles after repair.
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