Air conditioning works by firstly compressing a refridgerant gas (R134a) against an expansion valve. The compressed heated gas passes through a condenser where some of its heat is given off causing the gas to change to a liquid. It then flows through the expansion valve on the other side of which is a much larger space. This causes the pressure and consequently the temperature to drop considerably. The now low pressure liquid then flows into an evaporator where due to the second law of thermodynamics heat from inside the car is drawn to it, causing the low pressure liquid to evaporate back into a gas. This is then drawn back to the compressor via a receiver drier which ensures any remaining drops of liquid which could damage the compressor are removed, where the whole process starts again.
Possible causes for the system not working include:-
Leaking, Insufficient or excessive refidgerant.
Faulty compressor or loss of power supply.
Blocked condenser.
Faulty high pressure sensor.
Faulty evaporator temperature sensor or ambient temperature sensor.
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