This doesn't have all that much to do with privatisation. These different fares apparently always existed, but without internet search systems were exceedingly difficult to find out about. Split ticketing does work but there may be another restriction - that the tickets are for a specific train rather than for any train. So always worth checking. And of course the adage, "The price of something is what someone is prepared to pay for it" applies, which is why walk-up tickets are usually more expensive.
The system by which the ticket machines at stations dispense the tickets bought online is very helpful. Advice from one ticket inspector - always make sure you have picked up all the tickets, as often the machine prints several. He said he'd come across many situations when the passenger had only picked up one, which might have been a seat reservation for the return journey, and was left without a valid ticket.
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